Adjusting Journal Entries: A Simple Accounting Guide

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Adjusting Entry for Accrued Expense

Our bookkeeping videos will help you deepen your understanding of debits and credits, general ledger accounts, double-entry bookkeeping, adjusting entries, bank reconciliation, and more. This video training consists of 13 videos of approximately 10 minutes each. Small businesses and freelancers use adjusting entries to stay on top of their income and expenses. This helps them avoid mistakes and keep things ready for taxes. These adjusting journal entries inventory are crucial to maintaining accurate cost of goods sold (COGS) and profit margins.

From accrued expenses to depreciation and inventory adjustment journal entries, mastering these adjustments is key to producing reliable financial statements. Use the examples and templates provided to build your skillset. Otherwise, there could be timing inconsistencies or incorrect reporting of the revenue and expenses. In other words, adjusting entries help provide a more accurate representation of a company’s financial position and performance in a given period.

how to do adjusting entries

Step 1: Print Out the Unadjusted Trial Balance

Without them, reports can show the wrong income or expenses for a period. That’s why knowing how to adjust entries is key for any business. Adjusting entries are accounting journal entries that are to be made at the end of an accounting period. Adjusting entries are sometimes referred to as balance day adjustments.

Accrued salaries

These adjustments are vital for accurately presenting the equity account, expenditure, and profitability. Deferrals involve postponing the recognition of revenues and expenses to future periods. This type of adjusting entry is used when cash has been received or paid, but the related revenue or expense has not yet been earned or incurred. For example, if a company receives payment in advance for a service to be provided over several months, the initial cash receipt is recorded as a liability (unearned revenue). As the service is performed, the liability is gradually reduced, and revenue is recognized.

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  • They connect your daily transactions, such as sales or purchases, to the bigger picture—your financial statements.
  • One frequent mistake in adjusting entries is the failure to recognize accrued expenses.
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Connecting the Dots Between Transactions and Financial Statements

how to do adjusting entries

Last but not least, non-cash expenses—think depreciation, amortization, and allowance for doubtful accounts. These expenses don’t involve an immediate cash outlay but reflect the consumption or loss of value over time. Some smaller businesses may not record these monthly and opt to adjust them at year-end. It’s like only checking your car’s mileage once a year—you know it’s depreciating, but you only note it when you have to.

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This is a systematic way to prepare and post adjusting journal entries that accountants have been using for about 500 years. Add any income you earned but haven’t recorded yet, and any expenses you owe but haven’t included. Advance money received before the delivery of a good or service is deferred revenue.

For instance, a company may have provided services in December but will not receive payment until January. An accrual entry ensures that the revenue is recorded in December, aligning with the period in which the service was provided. Similarly, if a business incurs an expense in one period but pays for it in the next, an accrual entry is necessary to reflect the expense in the correct period. This method adheres to the matching principle, which states that expenses should be recorded in the same period as the revenues they help generate. These include adjusting entries for deferred revenues and prepaid expenses. Deferred revenues, also known as unearned revenue, occur when a customer pays you in advance for a product or service.

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  • Expenses are paid in advance, such as insurance or rent, and need to be recognized gradually as the benefit is used up.
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Adjusting journal entries have a direct impact on the accuracy of financial statements. Teams need to make an adjusting journal entry to record the depreciation expense on long-term assets, like a piece of equipment, a vehicle, or machinery. This is used to represent how the asset declines in value over time. It also represents the portion of the asset’s “value” that was used to produce revenue in the given period.